A Biofuel-Cell-Based Energy Harvester With 86% Peak Efficiency and 0.25-V Minimum Input Voltage Using Source-Adaptive MPPT

This article presents an efficient cold-starting energy harvester system, fabricated in 65-nm CMOS. The proposed uses no external electrical components and is compatible with biofuel-cell (BFC) voltage power ranges. A power-efficient system architecture to keep the internal circuitry operating at 0.4 V while regulating output 1 using switched-capacitor dc–dc converters a hysteretic controller. startup enhancement block presented facilitate cold any arbitrary input voltage. real-time on-chip 2-D maximum point tracking source degradation tracing also implemented maintain efficiency maximized over time. performs minimum of 0.39 continues its operation if degrades as low 0.25 V. Peak 86% achieved 1.34 $\mu \text{W}$ 220 nW average consumption chip. end-to-end kept above 70% for wide range loading powers from 12 . chip integrated pair lactate BFC electrodes 2 mm diameter on prototype-printed circuit board (PCB). Integrated solution demonstrated.